In which situation may a lawyer disclose client information to prevent harm?

A lawyer may disclose client information to prevent substantial financial harm because the Model Rules of Professional Conduct allow for exceptions to confidentiality when there is a need to prevent reasonably certain death or substantial bodily harm. This precept extends to situations where a client's actions could lead to significant financial loss for another party. The rationale behind this exception is rooted in the ethical obligation to act in the public interest and prevent serious harm, thus prioritizing the well-being of others over strict confidentiality in cases involving severe consequences.

Preventing minor inconveniences does not rise to the level of harm that would justify disclosing client information. Similarly, disclosing information to improve a lawyer's professional standing or to inform a potential competitor does not align with ethical standards and would not be justified under any condition within the professional responsibility framework. These scenarios do not present a legitimate basis to override the duty of confidentiality owed to a client.